谈山岭重丘区公路路线方案的比选

山岭重丘区公路路线方案比选，其工作深入细致与否，在很大程度上体现了勘测设计人员路线设计水平和工程项目经济合理性，因此，路线方案比选在公路勘测设计中十分重要，对每一个有比较价值的路线方案，都需进行论证，精心比较，从中选取最佳的路线走向方案，从而保证公路勘测设计质量，缩短营运里程，节省工程造价。     

华山松食用松籽型高产优质无性系初选

在华山松结实性状遗传变异研究的基础上,以各无性系间的单株产籽重、千粒重、出种率等为选择指标,对紫溪山华山松无性系嫁接种子园内78个无性系进行综合选择。结果表明:98,46,42,4和92号等5个无性系综合选择指数(I)值高于1.50,且产量稳定,可选为高产优质无性系。     

巨桉子代测定林与引种改良策略的研究

在福建省华安县建立的巨桉子代测定林，包含代表全分布区的１５０个自由受粉家系。对树高、胸径、枝角和木材基本密度进行研究的结果表明，生长性状在家系间存在着极显著的遗传差异，木材基本密度在种源间和家系间都存在着显著的差异。     

Variations of fine root diameter with root order in Manchurian ash and Dahurian larch plantations

Fine root lifespan and turnover play an important role in carbon allocation and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Fine roots are typically defined as less than 1 or 2 mm in diameter. However, when categorizing roots by this diameter size, the position of an individual root on the complex lateral branching pattern has often been ignored, and our knowledge about relationships between branching order and root function thus remains limited. More recently, studies on root survivals found that longevity was remarkably different in the same branching level due to diameter variations. The objectives of this study were: (1) To examine variations of fine root diameter from the first-to fifth-orders in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr and Larix gmelinii Rupr roots; and (2) To reveal how the season, soil nutrient, and water availability affect root diameter in different branch order in two species. This study was conducted at Maoershan Forest Research Station (45°21′–45°25′N, 127°30′–127°34′E) owned by Northeast Forestry University in Harbin, northeast China. Both F. mandshurica and L. gmelinii were planted in 1986. In each plantation, fine roots of two species by sampling up to five fine root branch orders three times during the 2003 growing season from two soil depths (i.e., 0–10 and 10–20 cm) were obtained. The results showed that average diameters of fine roots were significantly different among the five branch orders. The first-order had the thinner roots and the fifth order had the thickest roots, the diameter increasing regularly with the ascending branch orders in both species. If the diameter of fine roots was defined as being smaller than 0.5 mm, the first three orders of F. mandshurica roots and the first two orders of L. gmelinii roots would be included in the fine root population. The diameter ranges of the fine roots from first-order to fifth-order were 0.15–0.58, 0.18–0.70, 0.26–1.05, 0.36–1.43, and 0.71–2.96 mm for F. mandshurica, and 0.17–0.76, 0.23–1.02, 0.26–1.10, 0.38–1.77, and 0.84–2.80 mm for L. gmelinii. The average coefficient of variation in first-order roots was less than 10%, second-and third-order was 10–20%, and fourth-and fifth-order was 20–30%. Thus, variation in root diameter also increased with the ascending root order. These results suggest that “fine roots”, which are traditionally defined as an arbitrary diameter class (i.e., <2 mm in diameter) may be too large a size class when compared with the finest roots. The finest roots have much shorter lifespan than larger diameter roots; however, the larger roots are still considered a component of the fine root system. Differences in the lifespan between root diameter and root order affect estimates of root turnover. Therefore, based on this study, it has been concluded that both diameter and branch order should be considered in the estimation of root lifespan and turnover. __________ Translated from Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(6): 871–877 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

液压系统故障诊断的高阶统计量-模糊神经网络法

利用高阶统计量-模糊神经网络方法对液压系统故障进行诊断，解决低信噪比故障特征信号下的故障诊断问题。介绍了高阶统计量和模糊神经网络的基本原理，阐述了利用高阶统计量-模糊神经网络诊断液压系统故障的方法，给出了以阀控液压缸系统为研究对象的诊断实例。试验结果表明，利用该方法对液压系统进行故障诊断可以有效地提高故障特征信号的信噪比，提高液压系统故障诊断的准确性和诊断效率。     

基于AtveX数据对象的灌区用水

水费计收信息化管理是灌区信息化建设的一个重要内容，同时灌区数据库建设在灌区信息化建设过程中处于核心地位。介绍了“灌区用水申报软件”的主要功能、开发环境以及技术要点和难点。该软件用于辅助管理单位进行水量申报的管理工作，能够访问Access数据库，读取相应数据，计算各个时刻的需水量，并确定应缴纳的水费。设计目的是方便、迅速地为灌溉决策部门提供原始数据和计算数据，并能对数据提供格式输出。     

利用籼稻资源中的“隐蔽有利基因”提高粳稻苗期耐冷性

苗期低温是制约东北水稻生产的一个重要逆境因子,培育苗期耐低温的水稻品种是解决这一问题最有效的途径之一。以粳型恢复系C418为轮回亲本与7个来自不同地域的供体杂交和回交培育BC₂F₂群体，利用沈阳春季田间自然低温进行耐冷筛选，并对入选的177个苗期耐冷导入系后代在自然和人工气候室两种不同强度的低温胁迫条件下的苗期表现进行评价。结果表明，虽然供体亲本均为苗期耐冷性弱的品种，但在全部回交后代中均出现耐冷的超亲分离，表明这些供体亲本均携带对耐冷性有利的“隐蔽基因”, 不过组合间的耐冷性选择效率存在较大差异。以人工气候室低温胁迫后的存活率为耐冷性鉴定指标，导入系之间出现广泛分离，田间筛选入选比例高的BG300和中413导入系群体中出现存活率高的导入系后代比例较其它群体高，说明在同一轮回亲本遗传背景下回交后代的耐冷水平取决于供体。在室内严格低温条件下表现为强耐冷性的导入系在相对温和的自然低温胁迫下表现为苗高、苗干重较非胁迫条件生长抑制不明显，且能够促进根系生长。结果表明，大量的耐冷有利基因以“隐蔽”的形式存于水稻种质资源中。通过利用来源广泛的种质资源作为供体进行回交育种，对回交后代进行严格耐冷筛选，可有效选育高产耐冷水稻品种和有价值的育种材料。     

机械化栽培高粱龙杂7号的选育

龙杂7号是黑龙江省农科院作物育种研究所以龙149A为母本、外4为父本，采用常规育种方法选育的早熟机械化栽培高粱杂交种。该杂交种生育日数92d，生育积温2150℃，株高140cm，产量6098.5kg/hm2。抗叶部病害和黑穗病。2003年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会的审定。     

THE COMPILING OF 2~m ORDER MAGIC SQUARE

This paper analyzes the structure chacracter of sixteenorder twofold magic square mathematic model to find out the compilingmethod of 2~m order magic square.And the matrix expressing of 32nd and64th order model are also presented.     

A General Method for the Initial Values for Two-Sided Iteration

In the study on finding a group of inital values for solving operator equation x=G(x)by the two-sided iterative method,some stronger conditions forG(x)have been demandedand some new parameters have to be introduced since 1978,But,as it will be proved in this paper,Itis unnecessary to use any new parameters and other stronger conditions to get a group of initial val-ues of two-sided iterative, as those initial values can be obtained by means of an auxiliary iterativebeginning with operator G(x)itself. The numerical example in this paper illustraves that the methodproposed in this paper is a general method.